Asian countries produced about 90 percent of the 576 million tons of rice grown worldwide in 2002. Typically, China and India together produce about 50 percent of the world’s rice, and it is a significant agricultural crop in more than 50 other countries. About 96 percent of the rice grown worldwide is consumed in the countries where it is produced, with some exceptions. The United States, for example, exported about 37 percent of the 8.7 million tons it produced in 2000, and Pakistan exported about 28 percent of its 7.2 million tons, according to the FAO. In the same year, Thailand exported significantly more rice than any other country—6.6 million tons, or about 26 percent of its total, while India exported 1.5 million tons, or about 1.1 percent of total production. Major rice-importing countries include Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Philippines, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Senegal, Japan, and Indonesia. Some rice-importing countries buy rice on a regular basis, others buy when drought, floods, or other conditions reduce the yield of their own rice crop.Rice is used for a variety of food and nonfood products. Foods include cooked rice, breakfast cereals, desserts, and rice flour. Rice is also used in beer and in sake, a Japanese fermented brew. The inedible rice hull is used as fuel, fertilizer, and insulation, while the bran is a source of cooking oil. Straw from the leaves and stems is used as bedding for animals and for weaving roofs, hats, baskets, and sandals.
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